医生如何帮助病人改变有益于心脏健康的生活方式

Lifestyle change is a powerful, proven way for a person to prevent heart disease. 但是为了让健康的改变持续下去，人们通常需要一些帮助.

Primary care doctors could offer crucial assistance in connecting patients with counseling that's been shown to make a difference. 但由于十大电子游戏平台限制或其他障碍，这些医生通常不会这么做.

一份新的报告为如何改变这一现状提供了指导.

The scientific statement, published Thursday in the 美国心脏协会 journal 循环他总结了显示行为咨询益处的研究. It also offers practical ways for busy health care professionals to help patients get that kind of care – care that goes beyond the typical 15-minute annual appointment.

迪Laddu, 谁领导了写声明的小组, said it's not usually enough for a patient to simply recognize the need to change their eating or exercise habits.

“说‘我要减少饮食中的脂肪量’是一回事.但他们需要别人的支持, 他说，我将保持这种生活方式,“说Laddu, an assistant professor of physical therapy in the College of Applied Health Sciences at the University of Illinois at Chicago.

Such support might involve guidance on planning a healthy diet or setting realistic exercise goals. It also could involve checking in regularly to make sure those plans and goals stay on track.

但是“提供者没有十大电子游戏平台，”Laddu说. “他们可能没有相应的资源. 还有与系统相关的因素,比如转诊政策或报销背后的官僚机构.

The report spells out the importance of overcoming such barriers by summarizing research on programs delivered in primary care or community settings that have been shown to work in people who are middle-aged or older. "We're providing the best-practice approaches of what has been done and what has successfully been shown to improve health behaviors – ­not for a short period of time, 但是很长一段十大电子游戏平台,”Laddu说.

糖尿病预防计划就是一个例子. 伊利诺伊大学芝加哥分校的医学教授马军说. It's a well-studied intervention that includes lifestyle coaches who meet regularly with participants. It's been shown to work as well or better than medication at reducing risk factors for heart disease.

But it still tends to be much easier for a physician to write a prescription than to enroll someone in such a program, 马说. "They do not have the same system or infrastructure to just prescribe a behavioral intervention."

Overworked primary care professionals shouldn't be expected to do all the work themselves, 马说. "Typical clinicians are not trained to be behavioral counselors or health coaches. 因此，它需要一种基于团队的方法. We need to have people properly trained in behavioral counseling to be on the care team."

为了帮助解决这个问题, the report offers doctors links to lists of community programs – available through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 基督教青年会和其他组织，他们可以用来转诊病人. And it explains how programs might qualify for insurance coverage under the Affordable Care Act.

马说，即使实践中没有使用行为疗法, the statement is written to fit in with the way physicians are trained to guide patients. So, the hope is it systematically makes it easier for doctors to assist patients and arrange care for those who need it.

The report is a starting point for changing the way doctors promote health in light of long-term trends showing an aging population with growing levels of heart disease, Laddu说.

"I don't know if our health care system is going to be equipped for handling the rising burden of heart disease that is expected unless we make a change now,”她说, "and unless we help providers understand what tools are available and increase the awareness of what can be done beyond the constraints of their 15-minute window."

当病人准备好接受治疗时, Laddu说, 卫生保健团队也需要承担责任并说, “我需要帮助我的病人改变," whether that's directly helping a patient or "arranging the support system so that their patient can get the care that they need, 当他们需要的时候, 只要他们需要."

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